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The team is dedicated to providing tailored advice and treatments that align with your health and wellness journey. Learn more about Non-invasive facial rejuvenation New Westminster here Initially, you might experience a warm sensation as the device glides over your skin, a sign that the treatment is actively promoting collagen production beneath the surface. This includes your name, phone number, and email address, ensuring you'll receive a confirmation email and reminders about your appointment. Learn more about Top-rated Botox treatments in New Westminster here. For optimal results, a series of sessions, usually once a week for about six to eight weeks, is recommended.
As a result, you'll notice an immediate tightening effect, alongside a gradual improvement in skin texture and firmness. Start by updating your skincare routine to maintain these amazing results.

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Moreover, the technology's smart design means treatments can be adjusted in real-time based on your feedback and comfort level, ensuring a personalized experience that's both effective and enjoyable.
This gives our team a clear canvas to assess your skin's needs.

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By strengthening the vaginal tissues, it helps in significantly reducing leaks and urgencies, giving you back control and peace of mind.
Booking your visit with Manhas Health Co. is a straightforward and hassle-free process, ensuring you're one step closer to achieving your aesthetic goals. Moreover, the cumulative effect of regular sessions can lead to long-term improvements, ensuring that your skin not only looks better now but continues to improve. Invest in high-quality, gentle products that will nurture your skin without overwhelming it.

The treatment rooms boast the latest in aesthetic technology, ensuring that you're getting the most advanced treatments available. You're a prime candidate if your skin is showing early to moderate signs of aging and you're in generally good health. You'll notice visible improvements, not just in your skin's appearance, but also in its overall health. Under-eye Botox New Westminster They understand that each individual's beauty journey is unique, and they're dedicated to providing customized treatment plans that reflect your personal goals and desires.

During this initial meeting, you're not just another client; you're the center of attention. We prioritize safety and results, employing state-of-the-art technology and personalized protocols that align with your aesthetic goals. Anti-aging treatments New Westminster They've invested in technologies that enhance muscle tone, giving you that sculpted look you've been dreaming of.

With years of experience in the aesthetic field, our team understands that every individual's body and goals are unique. Book your appointment today at Manhas Health Co., and let's take you on a journey to rediscover your skin's natural beauty and vitality. Your skin won't only look more radiant, but your skincare products will also penetrate more deeply, enhancing their effectiveness.

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That's why we start with a comprehensive consultation to understand your specific goals, concerns, and the outcomes you're aiming for.

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These growth factors signal your skin cells and hair follicles to function optimally, increasing blood supply to the follicles and expanding the hair shaft.

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It is located on the banks of the Fraser River as it turns southwest towards its estuary, on the southwest side of the Burrard Peninsula, and roughly at the centre of the Greater Vancouver region.

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You'll find an intuitive online booking system that lets you choose a time and date that best fits your schedule. The beauty is, they're incredibly versatile. Next, show off your revitalized complexion. By encouraging new collagen formation, it's tackling the root cause of skin sagging and wrinkles, rather than merely masking them. You're not just another appointment to us; you're an individual with distinct goals and concerns.

Dive into our Before and After Gallery to see the transformations for yourself. This detailed evaluation allows us to recommend the most suitable treatments that align with your objectives and lifestyle. To book your first consultation at Manhas Health Co., simply visit our website or give us a call, and we'll guide you through every step of the process. Unlike surgical options that can keep you off your feet for days or even weeks, Evolve-X allows you to return to your daily activities almost immediately.

You won't see results immediately. The Forma technology utilizes radiofrequency energy to target deep layers of your skin, stimulating collagen production without damaging the surface. Here, we'll discuss your skin history, lifestyle, and what you're hoping to achieve. Choosing laser hair removal means investing in smoother skin for the long haul.

Depending on the peel's intensity, it could take anywhere from 30 to 90 minutes. It's not a one-and-done deal; you'll need several sessions to get the full effect. Our team of experts works closely with you to develop a care plan that aligns with your personal aspirations and lifestyle, ensuring that your experience is as effective as it's comfortable. Understanding the differences between Morpheus 8 and PRP treatments sets the stage for appreciating real success stories from Non-invasive facial rejuvenation New Westminster.

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Most people describe the sensation as a rubber band snapping against the skin, and many machines come equipped with cooling devices to ease discomfort. You might wonder if you're the ideal candidate for this innovative treatment or what the procedure entails.

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Then there's James, whose thinning hairline had him wearing hats indoors. After diligently following post-treatment care tips, you're now ready to celebrate the glowing results of your dermaplaning or chemical peel.

Starting with a thorough skin analysis, the experts at Manhas Health Co. will identify your skin type, concerns, and goals. Use a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer to soothe and nourish your skin without causing irritation. Lastly, arrive a few minutes early to fill out any necessary paperwork without rushing.

The outcome? This procedure is specifically tailored for individuals seeking non-invasive solutions to achieve a more youthful appearance without the downtime associated with surgical interventions. From non-invasive laser therapies that target fine lines and wrinkles to advanced body contouring techniques that reshape and redefine, every service is tailored to deliver optimal results.

You might find yourself intrigued by the promise of a procedure that not only rejuvenates your skin but does so with the precision of modern science. Botox for facial contouring New Westminster Discussing your skin type and any concerns with your practitioner beforehand can minimize risks. This innovative technology reshapes your body by targeting fat and enhancing muscle tone without incisions, anesthesia, or downtime.

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Sunburned or tanned skin can negatively affect the procedure's effectiveness and increase the risk of side effects. If you're looking for something a bit more targeted, radiofrequency treatments might be up your alley. These procedures target and reduce fat cells in specific areas, helping you achieve a more sculpted physique without going under the knife. You're tapping into a world of aesthetic and therapeutic advantages that can transform your appearance and well-being. Book your appointment today and step into a world where age is truly just a number.

Before your IPL photo facial or laser hair removal session at Manhas Health Co, there are a few key steps you should follow to ensure the best possible outcome. Lastly, consider adding antioxidants to your skincare routine. While laser hair removal offers a significant stride towards achieving smooth, hair-free skin, IPL photo facials step in to address a different set of skin concerns, enhancing your complexion's overall appearance. This not only gets rid of dead skin cells but also helps in minimizing the appearance of fine lines, acne scars, and uneven skin tone.

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Firstly, avoid direct sun exposure for at least a week before your appointment. Your skin will be more susceptible to irritation, so it's best to give it a break from active ingredients like retinol or salicylic acid. This concentration of PRP is what'll be used in your treatment. This conversation is crucial; it guides us in selecting the perfect combination of dermaplaning and chemical peels, tailored just for you.

Their team of skilled professionals is constantly updating their knowledge and skills to ensure you receive the best possible care. This cutting-edge treatment combines microneedling with radiofrequency energy to target the deeper layers of your skin. They're perfect for those looking to refresh their appearance with virtually no recovery period. At Manhas Health Co., you're more than just a client; you're part of a community where each individual's unique journey to confidence and health is celebrated.

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And with our team's expertise, you can rest assured that you're in the best hands. To kick off your Evolve-X body sculpting journey, the first step is scheduling a consultation with a Manhas Health expert. Together, these technologies offer a comprehensive body sculpting solution. You'll find that our team is incredibly approachable, ready to answer any questions and address concerns you might have. You'll get aftercare instructions, emphasizing sunscreen use and gentle skin care in the following days.
As we explore what makes Advanced Forma a game-changer in the pursuit of a youthful glow, you'll discover why this might be the solution you've been looking for. They're there to ensure your booking experience is as smooth and comfortable as the treatments they offer. Moreover, we're constantly updating our arsenal with the newest innovations in the field. It's not just about slimming down; it's about reshaping your figure in a way that diet and exercise alone mightn't achieve.
Instead, switch to gentle cleansers and moisturizers that nourish without irritating. Read more about Non-invasive facial rejuvenation New Westminster here Each story is a beacon for anyone in Non-invasive facial rejuvenation New Westminster looking to turn back the clock on their appearance and step into a life marked by renewed confidence and vitality. Furthermore, Manhas Health Co.

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doesn't stop at just fat reduction. These treatments require no downtime, allowing you to return to your daily activities immediately after your session.
You'll find the 'Book Now' button prominently displayed on the homepage. But perhaps one of the most valued benefits is the boost in self-esteem.

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Though Morpheus 8 and PRP treatments offer promising results, it's crucial to consider the potential side effects and safety measures involved. This ensures that the laser or IPL device can work as efficiently as possible. Botox benefits New Westminster



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Manhas Health Co. accepts various payment methods, including credit cards and PayPal, making the process smooth and secure. Let's be your partners in this journey, crafting a success story that's uniquely yours. It's not just about the treatments; it's about understanding your desires and how we can turn them into reality. It's also important to resist the temptation to scratch or pick at your skin, as this can lead to irritation or even scarring. This isn't just about surface-level changes; it's about enhancing your overall well-being.

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The good news is that Advanced Forma is a virtually painless procedure, with most clients describing a warm sensation akin to a hot stone massage. In essence, vaginal rejuvenation at Manhas Health Co. isn't just about aesthetics; it's about enhancing your quality of life across multiple dimensions, offering a blend of physical and psychological benefits that support a happier, more confident you. The session is designed to be as comfortable as possible, aiming to leave you feeling informed and taken care of throughout the entire process. After payment, you're all set!
Embarking on your Advanced Forma Face Sculpting journey, it's essential to know what milestones and sensations you'll encounter along the way. Let Manhas Health Co. be your partner in rediscovering the joy of self-confidence. To ensure your journey towards enhancing your natural beauty is successful, our team at Manhas Health Co. comprises seasoned specialists in aesthetic care. On the other hand, PRP, or Platelet-Rich Plasma therapy, shines in the domain of hair restoration.
But that's not all. You won't just look better; you'll feel better too. You'll find that areas with thinning hair become denser, and overall hair health improves. Imagine achieving that toned look you've always wanted without the scars, pain, or recovery time associated with traditional body sculpting methods.

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Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
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  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
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  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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